William Shakespeare
The great English dramatic also lived there most of his life. His dramatic plays were acted in the geobe. Theathre. The popular theatre was demolished in 1644.
The house of Shakespeare’s London was build very close to one another. They were made of wood. On Saturday the 2nd in September 1666, there was a big fire of London. In started in the House of the Kings baker in Budding Lane, near London Bridge. The fire burned until Thursday most of London was destroyed. Many people last their homes.
His earliest plays are the three parts of Henry VI and a history play
- Richard III - The Midsummer Nights Dream
- The Comedy of Errors - The Merchant of Venice
- The Taming of Shrew - Hamlet
- The Two Gentlemen of Verona - Othello
- Love's Labour's Lost - King Lear
- Romeo and Juliet - Macbeth
- Antony and Cleopatra - The Merry Wiver of Windsor
WASHINGTON D. C.
SAN FRANCISCO
San Francisco was founded by the Spanish Missioners. It’s second largest city in California. It was completely (thoroughly) damaged by earthquake. Here is the famous Gold Gate Bridge. In the street you can see cable cars.
LAS VEGAS
Las Vegas lies in Nevada. It is visited by more than 12 million visitors annually. They want to get rich quick, in its casinos. They are also going to see many famous signers, comedians, dancers, and musicians in its hotels and nightclubs.
Freemont Street is one the oldest and best-known Streets in the cities. It’s full of sunshine during the day and full of bright neon lights at night.
BEVERLY HILLS
Beverly Hills is a suburb of L. A. It’s one of the wealthiest areas of L. A. Many movies stars, pop singers and people with highly paid jobs like doctors and businessmen live there.
The center of L. A. has many problems with drugs, gangs and crime.
CHICAGO
Chicago, one of the most beautiful and highly developed cities in the U. S. A. It’s a very famous town with many skyscrapers. The tallest skyscraper of the world is the Sears Tower (520 m) can be found here.
San Francisco was founded by the Spanish Missioners. It’s second largest city in California. It was completely (thoroughly) damaged by earthquake. Here is the famous Gold Gate Bridge. In the street you can see cable cars.
LAS VEGAS
Las Vegas lies in Nevada. It is visited by more than 12 million visitors annually. They want to get rich quick, in its casinos. They are also going to see many famous signers, comedians, dancers, and musicians in its hotels and nightclubs.
Freemont Street is one the oldest and best-known Streets in the cities. It’s full of sunshine during the day and full of bright neon lights at night.
BEVERLY HILLS
Beverly Hills is a suburb of L. A. It’s one of the wealthiest areas of L. A. Many movies stars, pop singers and people with highly paid jobs like doctors and businessmen live there.
The center of L. A. has many problems with drugs, gangs and crime.
CHICAGO
Chicago, one of the most beautiful and highly developed cities in the U. S. A. It’s a very famous town with many skyscrapers. The tallest skyscraper of the world is the Sears Tower (520 m) can be found here.
WASHINGTON D. C.
INTERESTING PLACES IN THE U. S. A.
Mount Rushmore
In the Black Hills of South Dakota four famous faces stare out of the face of a granite cliff. The faces of four American Presidents - George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Jefferson and Theodore Roosevelt are carved into he mountain. The sculptor Borglum began work in 1927. The Mount Rushmore Memorial took 14 years to complete. Borglum died shortly before it was done. His son finished the work. The granite sculptures can be seen from a distance of 96 km.
The Statue of Liberty
This famous statue stands in New York on the Liberty Island. It was designed as a woman who holds a burning torch up in her right hand, and in her left hand she has a book of law with the date 4th of July, 1776 (inscribed in it). She wears a copper crown. The statue was designed by the French sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. The framework (supporting construction) was designed by the French engineer Alexander Eiffel who later built the Eiffel Tower in Paris.
The statue was given as a gift to the American people from the people of France to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the alliance of the Americans and the French in the War of Independence against England. In 1776 France helped the American colonies gain independence from England.
Americans designed and built the pedestal for the statue to stand on. The American people raised money to pay for the pedestal. On the base of the pedestal, it says “…I lift my lamp beside the golden door”.
The height of the statue itself is 46 m, together with the pedestal it’s 93 m tall. The pedestal stands on the star – shaped wall, which is the part of the fort.
The visitors can go inside the statue. There’s a museum inside the basement of the pedestal and 12 people can stand inside the torch.
The statue of liberty welcomes immigrants and visitor to this land.
The statue was first put up in Paris on July 4, 1884. Then it was disassembled and shipped to America. It was completed 2 years later, when the pedestal had been finished.
On October 28, 1886 it was assembled again and rededicated. It has been restored several times.
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Capital-Washington D.C.
NEW YORK
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Mount Rushmore
In the Black Hills of South Dakota four famous faces stare out of the face of a granite cliff. The faces of four American Presidents - George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Jefferson and Theodore Roosevelt are carved into he mountain. The sculptor Borglum began work in 1927. The Mount Rushmore Memorial took 14 years to complete. Borglum died shortly before it was done. His son finished the work. The granite sculptures can be seen from a distance of 96 km.
The Statue of Liberty
This famous statue stands in New York on the Liberty Island. It was designed as a woman who holds a burning torch up in her right hand, and in her left hand she has a book of law with the date 4th of July, 1776 (inscribed in it). She wears a copper crown. The statue was designed by the French sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. The framework (supporting construction) was designed by the French engineer Alexander Eiffel who later built the Eiffel Tower in Paris.
The statue was given as a gift to the American people from the people of France to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the alliance of the Americans and the French in the War of Independence against England. In 1776 France helped the American colonies gain independence from England.
Americans designed and built the pedestal for the statue to stand on. The American people raised money to pay for the pedestal. On the base of the pedestal, it says “…I lift my lamp beside the golden door”.
The height of the statue itself is 46 m, together with the pedestal it’s 93 m tall. The pedestal stands on the star – shaped wall, which is the part of the fort.
The visitors can go inside the statue. There’s a museum inside the basement of the pedestal and 12 people can stand inside the torch.
The statue of liberty welcomes immigrants and visitor to this land.
The statue was first put up in Paris on July 4, 1884. Then it was disassembled and shipped to America. It was completed 2 years later, when the pedestal had been finished.
On October 28, 1886 it was assembled again and rededicated. It has been restored several times.
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Capital-Washington D.C.
NEW YORK
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WASHINGTON D. C.
WASHINGTON D. C.
Washington D.C. is the capital of the U.S.A. For more than 200 years it has been the seat of the Government headed by the President. The home of the President is the White House.
The first President to live there was John Adams, second President of the U. S. A., who moved there in 1800.
There are very many rooms in the house, such as the famous Lincoln room, the oval room, the red, blue and green rooms, the state dining room.
The White House is a national monument. It has 132 rooms and the President with his family lives in the two upper floors.
Another Government building is the Capitol. It is the residence of the Congress and the Supreme Court.
THE OTHER MONUMENTS
The Washington Monument, the Lincoln Memorial, the Jefferson Memorial.
On the river Potomac there is the largest office - building in the world called Pentagon. Near the river is the Arlington National Cemetery, where the thousands of soldiers, J. F. Kennedy and his brother Robert are buried. There is a famous Smithsonian Institution (it consists of 15 museums). There is the famous J. F. Kennedy center for performance art. There is opera performance, dramas,…
In Washington D. C. there are 4 universities:
1. Georgetown University
2. Howard University for the black
Washington D.C. is the capital of the U.S.A. For more than 200 years it has been the seat of the Government headed by the President. The home of the President is the White House.
The first President to live there was John Adams, second President of the U. S. A., who moved there in 1800.
There are very many rooms in the house, such as the famous Lincoln room, the oval room, the red, blue and green rooms, the state dining room.
The White House is a national monument. It has 132 rooms and the President with his family lives in the two upper floors.
Another Government building is the Capitol. It is the residence of the Congress and the Supreme Court.
THE OTHER MONUMENTS
The Washington Monument, the Lincoln Memorial, the Jefferson Memorial.
On the river Potomac there is the largest office - building in the world called Pentagon. Near the river is the Arlington National Cemetery, where the thousands of soldiers, J. F. Kennedy and his brother Robert are buried. There is a famous Smithsonian Institution (it consists of 15 museums). There is the famous J. F. Kennedy center for performance art. There is opera performance, dramas,…
In Washington D. C. there are 4 universities:
1. Georgetown University
2. Howard University for the black
The U. S. A
8. Characteristics of the region north-east:
It is rich in raw materials and minerals. The most important products are: metal, steel, glass, oil, natural gas, coal.
Chicago and Detroit are the biggest industrial centers (aircraft industry).
9. The northern past
Is called New England. It includes the states of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is the region where some of the first colonists settled. They are Pilgrim Fathers. They came from England in 17 century (1607). They had to escape to religious persecution and they found a new home country in America (Thanksgiving day).
In the New England there are two famous universities: Harvard (established in 1636) and Yale (1701). They are private universities.
10. Midwest
There are vast plains where wheat is grown. It is a highly developed agriculture region. There are often tomatoes.
STATES: Minnesota, Iowa, Nebrasco, Illinois, Missouri, Cansas, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Wisconsin, …
It is rich in raw materials and minerals. The most important products are: metal, steel, glass, oil, natural gas, coal.
Chicago and Detroit are the biggest industrial centers (aircraft industry).
9. The northern past
Is called New England. It includes the states of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is the region where some of the first colonists settled. They are Pilgrim Fathers. They came from England in 17 century (1607). They had to escape to religious persecution and they found a new home country in America (Thanksgiving day).
In the New England there are two famous universities: Harvard (established in 1636) and Yale (1701). They are private universities.
10. Midwest
There are vast plains where wheat is grown. It is a highly developed agriculture region. There are often tomatoes.
STATES: Minnesota, Iowa, Nebrasco, Illinois, Missouri, Cansas, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Wisconsin, …
The U. S. A
11. The Southern states
It is mainly agrienltural region, where cotton and tobacco are grown.
STATES: Georgia, Alabama, Lousiana, Mississippi, Virginia, Kentucky etc.
In the past the slave trade started here. The Negro slaves were used to work on the cotton and tobacco plantations. Racial problem still exist by now.
The state of Florida is different from the other states. There are pine forests, orang plantations and the beautiful beaches. There are often hurricanes which cause great damage.
12. South-West
-of the U. S. A includes Texas, the largest state of the federation, famous for its oil, prairies and cattle ranches. There are also New Mexico and Arizhona where many Indians still live in reservationas. The South-West wwith its extensive deserts is characterised by the lack of rain and extreme temperatures during summer. The famous Grand Canyon is situated in the region.
13. West
Washington, Oregon, Wyoning, Montana, Utah, Idaho, Nevada and California. There are also called Rocky mountains states. These states are thinly populated with the exeption of cities. Here are the world famous national parks visited by thousands of tourist. The most important cities are: San Francisco, Los Angeles.
In. L. A. there is a famous district – Hollywood – centre of motion – picture industry.
The other touristic centers: Florida, Hawai, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands with beautiful beaches. Winter sports resorts can be seen in the Rockz Mozuntains and in New England. The most attractive natural wonders are the Niagara Falls. These are shared bz Canada and U.S.A.
It is mainly agrienltural region, where cotton and tobacco are grown.
STATES: Georgia, Alabama, Lousiana, Mississippi, Virginia, Kentucky etc.
In the past the slave trade started here. The Negro slaves were used to work on the cotton and tobacco plantations. Racial problem still exist by now.
The state of Florida is different from the other states. There are pine forests, orang plantations and the beautiful beaches. There are often hurricanes which cause great damage.
12. South-West
-of the U. S. A includes Texas, the largest state of the federation, famous for its oil, prairies and cattle ranches. There are also New Mexico and Arizhona where many Indians still live in reservationas. The South-West wwith its extensive deserts is characterised by the lack of rain and extreme temperatures during summer. The famous Grand Canyon is situated in the region.
13. West
Washington, Oregon, Wyoning, Montana, Utah, Idaho, Nevada and California. There are also called Rocky mountains states. These states are thinly populated with the exeption of cities. Here are the world famous national parks visited by thousands of tourist. The most important cities are: San Francisco, Los Angeles.
In. L. A. there is a famous district – Hollywood – centre of motion – picture industry.
The other touristic centers: Florida, Hawai, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands with beautiful beaches. Winter sports resorts can be seen in the Rockz Mozuntains and in New England. The most attractive natural wonders are the Niagara Falls. These are shared bz Canada and U.S.A.
Universities in England
Universities in England
The English University The English Universities can be divided into three groups:
A. Oxford and Cambridge /Oxbridge/ are the oldest universities Oxford was founded in the 12th century and Cambridge in the 13th century.
B. Redbrick Universities /in the 19th century/ /London, Manchester/ provided technological training in industrial areas. The basic qualification for university admission is the GSCE at "A" level.
C. Other universities.
UNDERGRADUATES are those students who study for a degree of BACHELOR /3 or 4 years/
a) of ATRS B.A.
b) of Science B.Sc
The title is put after a name.
GRADUATES are students who got the degrees B.A. or B.Sc. If graduates go on their studies the can get the degree of Master /they must work on a thesis at least for one year/ they get the title M.A. or M. Sc.
CAMBRIDGE: is situated 80 km north of London. The beautiful architecture of college buildings, wonderful gardens, bridges over the river Cam attracts its inhabitants the students and visitors. The oldest of college include Clare, Trinity Hall, Corpus Christie /14 century/ The first scholars arrived in the 13th century.
COLLEGES: Peterhouse, Trinity College, and Christ Church. Royal is not only build the Colleges, they were educated here. Here were educated Lord Byron, Isaac Newton.
The English University The English Universities can be divided into three groups:
A. Oxford and Cambridge /Oxbridge/ are the oldest universities Oxford was founded in the 12th century and Cambridge in the 13th century.
B. Redbrick Universities /in the 19th century/ /London, Manchester/ provided technological training in industrial areas. The basic qualification for university admission is the GSCE at "A" level.
C. Other universities.
UNDERGRADUATES are those students who study for a degree of BACHELOR /3 or 4 years/
a) of ATRS B.A.
b) of Science B.Sc
The title is put after a name.
GRADUATES are students who got the degrees B.A. or B.Sc. If graduates go on their studies the can get the degree of Master /they must work on a thesis at least for one year/ they get the title M.A. or M. Sc.
CAMBRIDGE: is situated 80 km north of London. The beautiful architecture of college buildings, wonderful gardens, bridges over the river Cam attracts its inhabitants the students and visitors. The oldest of college include Clare, Trinity Hall, Corpus Christie /14 century/ The first scholars arrived in the 13th century.
COLLEGES: Peterhouse, Trinity College, and Christ Church. Royal is not only build the Colleges, they were educated here. Here were educated Lord Byron, Isaac Newton.
The traditional English meals
The traditional English meals
The traditional English meals are:
- beefsteak with roast /fried/ potatoes in their jackets and vegetables
- a roast point of meat /beef, pork, lamb/ with roast potatoes and vegetables
- roast lamb with mint sauce
- roast pork with apple sauce /the sauces do not cover the meat but accompany it/
- stew /a dish of meat and vegetables cooked very slowly/
- yorkshire pudding made of butter /a mixture of flour, eggs milk and salt/
For the dessert they have:
- pies with sweet filling and covered with a pastry crust /apple pies with custard or cream/
- pies with meat filling /kidney/ with beer/
The Americans never eat much for lunch. They have some soup or a salad. They are also fond of sandwiches and hamburgers /especially the youngsters/, French fries cheeseburgers, chicken-burgers. Most Americans have lunch between 12-2. Some people prefer to take lunch from home. Some people like to eat at fast food chains, like McDonalds, Burger King, Kentucky Fried Chicken. They are less expensive and dressy than fine restaurants. There are people who eat constantly /suffer from bulimia/ and others are figure-conscious /weight-watchers/. They try so cut down on sugar and fat intake. They often keep to a diet. The English people don’t say "Good appetite" before meals. The English quite often go out to restaurants, pubs, cafes: Pakistani, Indian, Chinese, French, Italian, Greek restaurants are all over in England. Shoppers can have their meal in the supermarkets where there are snack bars, diners providing eatching. Young people prefer to go to snack bars and espresso coffe bars. Women like convenience food, which is ready to cook and eat. Its popular to buy hots take-away Chinese or Indians meals to consume them at home. Its cheater then cooking a meal. In Britain you can buy fish and chips as a take-away food.
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Food, cooking, recipes
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The traditional English meals are:
- beefsteak with roast /fried/ potatoes in their jackets and vegetables
- a roast point of meat /beef, pork, lamb/ with roast potatoes and vegetables
- roast lamb with mint sauce
- roast pork with apple sauce /the sauces do not cover the meat but accompany it/
- stew /a dish of meat and vegetables cooked very slowly/
- yorkshire pudding made of butter /a mixture of flour, eggs milk and salt/
For the dessert they have:
- pies with sweet filling and covered with a pastry crust /apple pies with custard or cream/
- pies with meat filling /kidney/ with beer/
The Americans never eat much for lunch. They have some soup or a salad. They are also fond of sandwiches and hamburgers /especially the youngsters/, French fries cheeseburgers, chicken-burgers. Most Americans have lunch between 12-2. Some people prefer to take lunch from home. Some people like to eat at fast food chains, like McDonalds, Burger King, Kentucky Fried Chicken. They are less expensive and dressy than fine restaurants. There are people who eat constantly /suffer from bulimia/ and others are figure-conscious /weight-watchers/. They try so cut down on sugar and fat intake. They often keep to a diet. The English people don’t say "Good appetite" before meals. The English quite often go out to restaurants, pubs, cafes: Pakistani, Indian, Chinese, French, Italian, Greek restaurants are all over in England. Shoppers can have their meal in the supermarkets where there are snack bars, diners providing eatching. Young people prefer to go to snack bars and espresso coffe bars. Women like convenience food, which is ready to cook and eat. Its popular to buy hots take-away Chinese or Indians meals to consume them at home. Its cheater then cooking a meal. In Britain you can buy fish and chips as a take-away food.
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Food, cooking, recipes
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The U. S. A
The U. S. A
1. Where is the U. S. A situated?
It lies between the Pacific Ocean (on the west) and the Atlantic Ocean (on the east). It covers the considerable (on great) part of North America.
-nearly as large as Europe
It is bounded: - to the north - by Canada
- to the south - by Mexico and Straits of Florida
2. How many people live in the U. S. A?
It is a home of more than 243 million people.
3. What origin are the people (is the population) of the U. S. A?
They are mostly of European origin. But there are people of Alps-American, American Indian. Japanese, Chinese and other origin.
4. Which is the official language?
The official language is English and there are many minority language (Spanish, Chinese,…)
5. How many states does the U. S. A consist of?
It consist of 50 states.
6. Which is the most densely populated part of the U. S. A?
It is North-Eastern part (for example: States of New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Ohio, Michigan, etc.)
7. Which are the greatest cities?
There are New York (14 million people), the capital the U. S. A Washington D. C. in the territory of Virginia.
1. Where is the U. S. A situated?
It lies between the Pacific Ocean (on the west) and the Atlantic Ocean (on the east). It covers the considerable (on great) part of North America.
-nearly as large as Europe
It is bounded: - to the north - by Canada
- to the south - by Mexico and Straits of Florida
2. How many people live in the U. S. A?
It is a home of more than 243 million people.
3. What origin are the people (is the population) of the U. S. A?
They are mostly of European origin. But there are people of Alps-American, American Indian. Japanese, Chinese and other origin.
4. Which is the official language?
The official language is English and there are many minority language (Spanish, Chinese,…)
5. How many states does the U. S. A consist of?
It consist of 50 states.
6. Which is the most densely populated part of the U. S. A?
It is North-Eastern part (for example: States of New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Ohio, Michigan, etc.)
7. Which are the greatest cities?
There are New York (14 million people), the capital the U. S. A Washington D. C. in the territory of Virginia.
The history of the U. S. A
The history of the U. S. A
Vikings discovered America probably around the year 1000 A. D., but didn’t establish any settlement. Later (1492) explorer Columbus discovered the American continent.
The colonization began when the Pilgrims settled in New England (1620). They were followed by thousands of colonists from Europe. They were persecuted because of their religion. So they had to escape.
At first 13. colonist were formed were under the British control. Later the colonist didn’t want to be dependent on Britain. The British parliament passed some acts in which the place taxes on goods exported to America: glass, paper, and tea. The result of these acts was a growing protests which ended with a very famous event called Boston tea party (1773).
A group of Americans dressed them selves as Indians and they threw bags a tea into Boston Harbor. In protest of unfair taxes.
This event let to the American Revolutionary War. (1775).
A year later the colonial representatives declared independence (1776) from the king of England. A very important document was signed – DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENTS.
The chief general George Washington became the first president of U.S.A.
In 1787 the constitution war signed between the Northern and Southern parts a sharp difference arose (started).
The American Civil War broke out in 1861, it ended in 1864.
The president Abraham Lincoln, who brought it to the victory, let the northern army.
After the war the slavery was abolished in 1863.
The prosperity of the country rapidly increased.
The U.S.A. didn’t enter the World War II. Until the Japanese attacked on the Pearl Harbor. After the war an enormous development began.
In the 60-tis the civil right movement and later against the war in Vietnam was very strong. Two personalities were assassinated (J. F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King). The last president of the U.S.A. is William Clinton reelected in ’96.
Vikings discovered America probably around the year 1000 A. D., but didn’t establish any settlement. Later (1492) explorer Columbus discovered the American continent.
The colonization began when the Pilgrims settled in New England (1620). They were followed by thousands of colonists from Europe. They were persecuted because of their religion. So they had to escape.
At first 13. colonist were formed were under the British control. Later the colonist didn’t want to be dependent on Britain. The British parliament passed some acts in which the place taxes on goods exported to America: glass, paper, and tea. The result of these acts was a growing protests which ended with a very famous event called Boston tea party (1773).
A group of Americans dressed them selves as Indians and they threw bags a tea into Boston Harbor. In protest of unfair taxes.
This event let to the American Revolutionary War. (1775).
A year later the colonial representatives declared independence (1776) from the king of England. A very important document was signed – DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENTS.
The chief general George Washington became the first president of U.S.A.
In 1787 the constitution war signed between the Northern and Southern parts a sharp difference arose (started).
The American Civil War broke out in 1861, it ended in 1864.
The president Abraham Lincoln, who brought it to the victory, let the northern army.
After the war the slavery was abolished in 1863.
The prosperity of the country rapidly increased.
The U.S.A. didn’t enter the World War II. Until the Japanese attacked on the Pearl Harbor. After the war an enormous development began.
In the 60-tis the civil right movement and later against the war in Vietnam was very strong. Two personalities were assassinated (J. F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King). The last president of the U.S.A. is William Clinton reelected in ’96.
The system of government
The system of government
The system of Government is based on the principles written in the Constitution (signed in 1787). The political power is divided into 3 branches:
1. the Executive power is represented by the president of U.S.A. He is elected for 4 years. He recommends programs and laws to congress.
2. the Legislative Branch is represented by the Congress. The Congress is divided into 2 parts: a) the senate
b) the House of Representatives
Each Senator is elected for 6 years. Each of the 50 states elects two Senators.
3. the Judicial Branch is headed by the Supreme Court (which consists of the Chief Justice of the U.S. and light Associate Justices).
He current president Bill Clinton is the 42nd. He appoints federal judges, ambassadors.
The Congress must approve bills.
SIGHTS
1. from the Liberty Island you can take a short boat ride to Ellis Island, where is the Immigration Museum.
2. Empire State Building – it is famous for its starring role in the movie: „King-Kong“. In the stormy weather it sways about 2 cm. Many people feel dizzy (because of air-conditioning people suffer from illnesses).
It takes you up to 80th flows in 1 minute. You can climb 1860 steps.
In 1945 the bomber B25 crashed into the 78th (79) floors, where 13 people were killed. The building remained.
The system of Government is based on the principles written in the Constitution (signed in 1787). The political power is divided into 3 branches:
1. the Executive power is represented by the president of U.S.A. He is elected for 4 years. He recommends programs and laws to congress.
2. the Legislative Branch is represented by the Congress. The Congress is divided into 2 parts: a) the senate
b) the House of Representatives
Each Senator is elected for 6 years. Each of the 50 states elects two Senators.
3. the Judicial Branch is headed by the Supreme Court (which consists of the Chief Justice of the U.S. and light Associate Justices).
He current president Bill Clinton is the 42nd. He appoints federal judges, ambassadors.
The Congress must approve bills.
SIGHTS
1. from the Liberty Island you can take a short boat ride to Ellis Island, where is the Immigration Museum.
2. Empire State Building – it is famous for its starring role in the movie: „King-Kong“. In the stormy weather it sways about 2 cm. Many people feel dizzy (because of air-conditioning people suffer from illnesses).
It takes you up to 80th flows in 1 minute. You can climb 1860 steps.
In 1945 the bomber B25 crashed into the 78th (79) floors, where 13 people were killed. The building remained.
NEW YORK
NEW YORK
New York is the largest city in the U.S.A. and one of the largest and most fascinating cities of the world. Its present population is more than 14 million people. It is an important seaport, with a good connection with inland, and the largest business, industrial and cultural center of the U.S.A. It is also the center of the art world, the media world, the theatre world and the fashion world. New York, originally called New Amsterdam, was a little Dutch town built on a small part of Manhattan. In 1626 the Dutch colonizers bought the island from Indians for 24 dollars in goods. After the War of Independence, New York was the capital of the U.S.A. for four years. One of the most impressive views of New York City is the typical Manhattan skyline, seen from Liberty Island, which is dominated by a number of skyscrapers. The tallest of them are Trade Center Buildings having 110 stories. There are many famous attractions in New York City. One of them, the Empire State Building, built in 1931, was also called “the eight wonder of the world”. It has 102 stories a TV tower famous place is Rockefeller Center, a large business and entertainment complex of 21 buildings, mostly skyscrapers.
New York is the largest city in the U.S.A. and one of the largest and most fascinating cities of the world. Its present population is more than 14 million people. It is an important seaport, with a good connection with inland, and the largest business, industrial and cultural center of the U.S.A. It is also the center of the art world, the media world, the theatre world and the fashion world. New York, originally called New Amsterdam, was a little Dutch town built on a small part of Manhattan. In 1626 the Dutch colonizers bought the island from Indians for 24 dollars in goods. After the War of Independence, New York was the capital of the U.S.A. for four years. One of the most impressive views of New York City is the typical Manhattan skyline, seen from Liberty Island, which is dominated by a number of skyscrapers. The tallest of them are Trade Center Buildings having 110 stories. There are many famous attractions in New York City. One of them, the Empire State Building, built in 1931, was also called “the eight wonder of the world”. It has 102 stories a TV tower famous place is Rockefeller Center, a large business and entertainment complex of 21 buildings, mostly skyscrapers.
NEW YORK
The Brooklyn Bridge is the longest in the world. It connects Brooklyn to Manhattan Island. The Brooklyn Bridge is the masterwork of the 19th-century engineering. It was the first bridge to use for cable wire. In the New York City Harbour there is the Statue of Liberty with her torch, standing on Liberty Island. It is 92 meters high including its pedestal. The statue itself weighs 225 tons. It was donated to the American people by France in 1886 to commemorate the alliance between the U.S.A. and France during the American Revolution. The Statue symbolizing freedom and democracy was the first sight for immigrants who were coming to the U.S.A. in 19th and 20th centuries. Another interesting place for visitors of New York is the Fifth Avenue famous for its luxurious shops, jewelry, and office buildings. It runs six miles through the city. There is also St. Patrick’s Cathedral, the largest Roman Catholic church. Equally famous is Broadway, an old Indian road. Most of theatres, including the well known Metropolitan Opera and Carnegie Hall, many cinemas and bars are concentrated on Broadway.
People coming to New York City like to visit Chinatown with its restaurants serving typical Chinese food. A unique atmosphere is characteristic of Greenwich village, the home of artists, writers, actors and musicians. Central Park is the largest and most important park in New York City. It was officially opened for public in 1876. It offers both summer and winter attractions, such as a zoo, an ice--skating rink, an open-air theatre, tennis courts, biking paths, children’s playgrounds, concerts and dances. There is the Metropolitan Museum of Art in the park.
People coming to New York City like to visit Chinatown with its restaurants serving typical Chinese food. A unique atmosphere is characteristic of Greenwich village, the home of artists, writers, actors and musicians. Central Park is the largest and most important park in New York City. It was officially opened for public in 1876. It offers both summer and winter attractions, such as a zoo, an ice--skating rink, an open-air theatre, tennis courts, biking paths, children’s playgrounds, concerts and dances. There is the Metropolitan Museum of Art in the park.
ROMEO AND JULIET
ROMEO AND JULIET
Is about the unhappy love and death of Romeo and Juliet.
The only children of two powerful houses of Verona. The House of Montaque and the House of Caplet. This two houses hate each other.
Romeo meets Juliet at the ball. He fells in love with her although he knows that she is Caplet. They love each other very much and ask Friar Lourence to merry them.
Their love and marriage are secret and by unfortunate accident Romeo kills Tybalt, who is Juliets cousin. Prince of Verona sends Romeo to the exile outside Verona and young Juliet is forced to get married to young nobleman called Paris. She asks Friar Laurence for help again and he gives her magic drops after which she fells asleep for several hours and looks as if she where died. Romeo learns about Juliet’s death in Mantua and hurries to the Caplets monument in a churchyard. He doesn’t know about the trick and kills himself. Soon after that Juliet wakes up and when she saw Romeo death she kills herself too.
Both houses reconciliate only after the death of their beloved children.
W. Shakespeare: Romeo and Juliet
Juliet:
"Conceit, more rich in mather than in words
Brags of his substance, not ornament
They are but beggars that can count their worth,
But my true love is grown to such excess,
I cannot sum up half my sum of wealth."
"Cit bohatší je ako ľudská reč.
Sám sebou krásny je, nie ozdôbkami.
Kto poráta, čo má, je iba žobrák,
Lež moja nemá láska vzrástla tak,
Že poklady jej nikdy nespočítam."
Stratford upon Aron
Shakespeare’s birthplace. There are many beautiful timber-framed houses from the 15th and 16th century. The most important building are the church where Shakespeare is buried. Is buried the cottage of his wife and the Royal Shakespeare Theatre with attractive gardens. His birthplace is called New Place.
Is about the unhappy love and death of Romeo and Juliet.
The only children of two powerful houses of Verona. The House of Montaque and the House of Caplet. This two houses hate each other.
Romeo meets Juliet at the ball. He fells in love with her although he knows that she is Caplet. They love each other very much and ask Friar Lourence to merry them.
Their love and marriage are secret and by unfortunate accident Romeo kills Tybalt, who is Juliets cousin. Prince of Verona sends Romeo to the exile outside Verona and young Juliet is forced to get married to young nobleman called Paris. She asks Friar Laurence for help again and he gives her magic drops after which she fells asleep for several hours and looks as if she where died. Romeo learns about Juliet’s death in Mantua and hurries to the Caplets monument in a churchyard. He doesn’t know about the trick and kills himself. Soon after that Juliet wakes up and when she saw Romeo death she kills herself too.
Both houses reconciliate only after the death of their beloved children.
W. Shakespeare: Romeo and Juliet
Juliet:
"Conceit, more rich in mather than in words
Brags of his substance, not ornament
They are but beggars that can count their worth,
But my true love is grown to such excess,
I cannot sum up half my sum of wealth."
"Cit bohatší je ako ľudská reč.
Sám sebou krásny je, nie ozdôbkami.
Kto poráta, čo má, je iba žobrák,
Lež moja nemá láska vzrástla tak,
Že poklady jej nikdy nespočítam."
Stratford upon Aron
Shakespeare’s birthplace. There are many beautiful timber-framed houses from the 15th and 16th century. The most important building are the church where Shakespeare is buried. Is buried the cottage of his wife and the Royal Shakespeare Theatre with attractive gardens. His birthplace is called New Place.
LONDON (IT´S PLACES OF INTEREST)
THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT
The houses of Parliament in a gothic style, and standing on the left bank of the river Thames, are not very old buildings.
They were built in the 19th century. One part of the original building - West minister Hall - is still there today, at far end of the new building.
HYDE PARK
One of the greatest and finest parks in London. It is the place where Londoners use to go for a walk or for a rest or for a sport. The large areas, tall trees, benches, deck chairs, that is the picture of Hyde Park.
Hyde Park is an ideal place for picnic. A small space, just a few hundred square meters called speaker’s corner - this is the only noisy and busy place in Hyde park.
Speaker’s Corner is a place where you can come and speak about or listen to different topics: politics, economics, religion, international relations.
DOWNING STREET No. 10
It is the address in London where you can find residence of the British Prime Minister. Every British Prime Minister lives at Downing Street No. 10.
BIG BEN
Big Ben is the name given to the clock and bell of the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament. The clock has four faces.
BAKER STREET
Many tourist visit 221 Baker Street and they ask to see Mr. Holmes. A lot of letters come to this address every day. People hope, that Mr. Holmes is still a life.
THE TOWER
Is the oldest historical building in London. The oldest part of the Tower is the WHITE TOWER. The tower served to many purposes. It was the prison, fortress and royal palace. Now there is a museum where the exhibition of Crown Jewels can be seen.
TRAFALGAR SQUARE
In the year 1805 admiral Nelson defected Napoleon and his army. In memory to Nelson a big column was build in the middle of the square. To their feature of the square are the fountains, pigeons and many people.
PICCADILLY CIRCUS
It is another poplar sguare in London. For many people it is the heart of London. During the night it is more beautiful than during the day.
The houses of Parliament in a gothic style, and standing on the left bank of the river Thames, are not very old buildings.
They were built in the 19th century. One part of the original building - West minister Hall - is still there today, at far end of the new building.
HYDE PARK
One of the greatest and finest parks in London. It is the place where Londoners use to go for a walk or for a rest or for a sport. The large areas, tall trees, benches, deck chairs, that is the picture of Hyde Park.
Hyde Park is an ideal place for picnic. A small space, just a few hundred square meters called speaker’s corner - this is the only noisy and busy place in Hyde park.
Speaker’s Corner is a place where you can come and speak about or listen to different topics: politics, economics, religion, international relations.
DOWNING STREET No. 10
It is the address in London where you can find residence of the British Prime Minister. Every British Prime Minister lives at Downing Street No. 10.
BIG BEN
Big Ben is the name given to the clock and bell of the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament. The clock has four faces.
BAKER STREET
Many tourist visit 221 Baker Street and they ask to see Mr. Holmes. A lot of letters come to this address every day. People hope, that Mr. Holmes is still a life.
THE TOWER
Is the oldest historical building in London. The oldest part of the Tower is the WHITE TOWER. The tower served to many purposes. It was the prison, fortress and royal palace. Now there is a museum where the exhibition of Crown Jewels can be seen.
TRAFALGAR SQUARE
In the year 1805 admiral Nelson defected Napoleon and his army. In memory to Nelson a big column was build in the middle of the square. To their feature of the square are the fountains, pigeons and many people.
PICCADILLY CIRCUS
It is another poplar sguare in London. For many people it is the heart of London. During the night it is more beautiful than during the day.
New Zealand
New Zealand
HISTORICAL NOTES:
The first people to settle in New Zealand were Polynesian tribesthe Maories before AD 1000. New Zealand was discovered that it was a group of islands. Some English missionaries arrived in NZ in 1814. There were disputes between Maories and British settlers over land ownership, which led to war. The war lasted about 10 years. In 1907 was granded the status of a Dominion.
GEOGRAPHY:
NZ consists of two large islands:
1. North Island
2. South Island
NZ is larger than GB, but the density of population is very low. All the large towns lie on the eastern coast.
RELIEF:
The country is mountainous, there is very little flat land. The North Island is famous for its hot springs, geysers and watering places. The termal activity of the volcanic area is very spectacular. The South Islands has fertile plains and high mountains, the Southern Alps. There are glaciers and fiords in the west. The highest peak is Mount Cook 3764 m. The Southern Alps provides excellent opportunities for skiing and mountaineering.
RIVERS AND LAKES:
Many of the rivers are short. NZ has many lakes, the largest of which Lake Tanpo, is also in the North Island.
CLIMATE:
NZ has a very pleasant, healthy temperature climate with plenty of sunshine with warm summers and mild winters.
NATURAL RESOURES:
NZ has OIL, NATURAL GAS, COAL, SULPHAT, and GOLD. It has also extensive forests.
POPULATION:
The majority of the population is of British origin. The native people are the Maories.
Hamilton – the largest city (on the North Island)
AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY
New Zealand is specialized on livestock breeding (cattle, sheep)
HISTORICAL NOTES:
The first people to settle in New Zealand were Polynesian tribesthe Maories before AD 1000. New Zealand was discovered that it was a group of islands. Some English missionaries arrived in NZ in 1814. There were disputes between Maories and British settlers over land ownership, which led to war. The war lasted about 10 years. In 1907 was granded the status of a Dominion.
GEOGRAPHY:
NZ consists of two large islands:
1. North Island
2. South Island
NZ is larger than GB, but the density of population is very low. All the large towns lie on the eastern coast.
RELIEF:
The country is mountainous, there is very little flat land. The North Island is famous for its hot springs, geysers and watering places. The termal activity of the volcanic area is very spectacular. The South Islands has fertile plains and high mountains, the Southern Alps. There are glaciers and fiords in the west. The highest peak is Mount Cook 3764 m. The Southern Alps provides excellent opportunities for skiing and mountaineering.
RIVERS AND LAKES:
Many of the rivers are short. NZ has many lakes, the largest of which Lake Tanpo, is also in the North Island.
CLIMATE:
NZ has a very pleasant, healthy temperature climate with plenty of sunshine with warm summers and mild winters.
NATURAL RESOURES:
NZ has OIL, NATURAL GAS, COAL, SULPHAT, and GOLD. It has also extensive forests.
POPULATION:
The majority of the population is of British origin. The native people are the Maories.
Hamilton – the largest city (on the North Island)
AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY
New Zealand is specialized on livestock breeding (cattle, sheep)
Environment
It is very important to have organize environmental education. Children of all ages should be taught about the mans relationship to nature. Children and adults should understand the importance of the ecosystem. No part of the ecosystem can exist separately.
A mixture of pollutants can form especially in hot sunny weather a new phenomenon called summertime smog, which is very harmful for the health.
During the smog people who suffer from asthma heart disease, should stay at home.
GREEN PEACE:
Has helped stop whaling. Has helped stop French testing of nuclear bombs. Has helped stop discharging chemical wast into many seas. GP protected seals and dolphins round the U.K. coastline.
Is very important:
1. To save rainforests.
2. To live in tobacco free world
3. To save endangered spices.
4. To use energy source that don’t pollute
5. To preserve wilderness areas.
THE STATE OF ENVIROMENTAL IN BLAVA:
Bratislava is an industrial center with lots of factories such as oil refinery (Slovnaft), chemical factory (Istrochem), rubber producing factory (Matadorka), technical factory.
All of them are situated near the center. They pollute the air in the city, with poisonous gases. The river Danube is very bathy polluted because the chemical waste is discharge form these factories.
A mixture of pollutants can form especially in hot sunny weather a new phenomenon called summertime smog, which is very harmful for the health.
During the smog, people who suffer from asthma, heartdisease, should stay at home.
A mixture of pollutants can form especially in hot sunny weather a new phenomenon called summertime smog, which is very harmful for the health.
During the smog people who suffer from asthma heart disease, should stay at home.
GREEN PEACE:
Has helped stop whaling. Has helped stop French testing of nuclear bombs. Has helped stop discharging chemical wast into many seas. GP protected seals and dolphins round the U.K. coastline.
Is very important:
1. To save rainforests.
2. To live in tobacco free world
3. To save endangered spices.
4. To use energy source that don’t pollute
5. To preserve wilderness areas.
THE STATE OF ENVIROMENTAL IN BLAVA:
Bratislava is an industrial center with lots of factories such as oil refinery (Slovnaft), chemical factory (Istrochem), rubber producing factory (Matadorka), technical factory.
All of them are situated near the center. They pollute the air in the city, with poisonous gases. The river Danube is very bathy polluted because the chemical waste is discharge form these factories.
A mixture of pollutants can form especially in hot sunny weather a new phenomenon called summertime smog, which is very harmful for the health.
During the smog, people who suffer from asthma, heartdisease, should stay at home.
CHARLES DICKENS
CHARLES DICKENS (1812 - 1870)
Charles Dickens is one of the Great writers in the English literature of the second half of the 19 century. In English literature it was a period of realism and naturalism. Charles Dickens is famous and successful writer, he wrote about all social classes. He became popular at the age of 25. He was the first man education who came out of a poor family and became famous. His childhood wasn’t very happy. He had to earn money very soon and to work very hard in a factory. He spends some time in a prison together with his family, because their father had no money to pay the debts. He hated the social system into which he had been born. His literary work is full of criticism of the corruption and injustice of life. He didn’t like judicial system, education, school - masters, etc.
Charles Dickens started his carrier in 1836 when he published “Sketches by Boz” in a literary magazine. Later he published “Pickwick papers”, now complete book, that is very witty. Many of his books have also autobiographical creature. Just to mention some of them “David Copperfild” - it is an autobiographical novel “Nicholas Nickleby” “Great expectations” “Hard times” “The old curiosity” “Little Dorrit” “Oliver Twist” and many others. The most popular and most critical is his book “Oliver Twist”. This story was message to his hardhearted generation. It’s about an orphan Oliver, about his fortunes and misfortunes. He also depicted criminals and murders. There are also some experiences from the prison. Liked other people, Christmas and wrote a few stories. The most famous is a “Christmas carol”. It is about old man Scrooge and about three Spirits. These spirits were talking to him about his life and death. Charles Dickens is buried in Westminster Abbey.
Charles Dickens is one of the Great writers in the English literature of the second half of the 19 century. In English literature it was a period of realism and naturalism. Charles Dickens is famous and successful writer, he wrote about all social classes. He became popular at the age of 25. He was the first man education who came out of a poor family and became famous. His childhood wasn’t very happy. He had to earn money very soon and to work very hard in a factory. He spends some time in a prison together with his family, because their father had no money to pay the debts. He hated the social system into which he had been born. His literary work is full of criticism of the corruption and injustice of life. He didn’t like judicial system, education, school - masters, etc.
Charles Dickens started his carrier in 1836 when he published “Sketches by Boz” in a literary magazine. Later he published “Pickwick papers”, now complete book, that is very witty. Many of his books have also autobiographical creature. Just to mention some of them “David Copperfild” - it is an autobiographical novel “Nicholas Nickleby” “Great expectations” “Hard times” “The old curiosity” “Little Dorrit” “Oliver Twist” and many others. The most popular and most critical is his book “Oliver Twist”. This story was message to his hardhearted generation. It’s about an orphan Oliver, about his fortunes and misfortunes. He also depicted criminals and murders. There are also some experiences from the prison. Liked other people, Christmas and wrote a few stories. The most famous is a “Christmas carol”. It is about old man Scrooge and about three Spirits. These spirits were talking to him about his life and death. Charles Dickens is buried in Westminster Abbey.
LONDON (IT´S PLACES OF INTEREST)
LONDON (IT´S PLACES OF INTEREST)
From the history of London.
The Romans came to England in 43 BC They built the town on the river Thames. The name of the town was LONDONIUM. The Romans choose a good place for the town - it was easy to cross the river there Londonium got bigger and bigger. Ships came to the town from all over Europe. The Romans built roads from Londonium to other parts of Britain. Soon after 500 AD the Romans left Britain.
1066 - WILLIAM CONQUEROR came to England. He came from Normandy in France. He became the king of England and lived in London. He was afraid of people of London. He had a building built for himself - THE WHITE TOWER OF LONDON. All the queens and king of England lived London. It was the big guest town in England.
William Shakespeare, the great English dramatics also lived there most of his life. His dramatics plays were acted in the Globe Theatre. The popular theatre was demolished in 1644.
The house of Shakespeare’s London was built very close to one another. They were made of wood. On Saturday, the 2nd in September 1666, there was a big fire of London. It started in the house of the king’s baker in Pudding lane, near London bridge. The fire burned until Thursday Most of London was destroyed. Many people lost their homes.
WESTMINSTER ABBEY
One of the finest - examples of early gothic architecture. In Westminster Cathedral all the English monarchies have been crowned. Among the famous person buried here are. Queen Elizabeth I., Mary Stuart - the Queen of Scots, Isaac Newton, Darwin, Dickens.
THE CITY
It is the oldest part of LONDON. It is his historical center.
From the history of London.
The Romans came to England in 43 BC They built the town on the river Thames. The name of the town was LONDONIUM. The Romans choose a good place for the town - it was easy to cross the river there Londonium got bigger and bigger. Ships came to the town from all over Europe. The Romans built roads from Londonium to other parts of Britain. Soon after 500 AD the Romans left Britain.
1066 - WILLIAM CONQUEROR came to England. He came from Normandy in France. He became the king of England and lived in London. He was afraid of people of London. He had a building built for himself - THE WHITE TOWER OF LONDON. All the queens and king of England lived London. It was the big guest town in England.
William Shakespeare, the great English dramatics also lived there most of his life. His dramatics plays were acted in the Globe Theatre. The popular theatre was demolished in 1644.
The house of Shakespeare’s London was built very close to one another. They were made of wood. On Saturday, the 2nd in September 1666, there was a big fire of London. It started in the house of the king’s baker in Pudding lane, near London bridge. The fire burned until Thursday Most of London was destroyed. Many people lost their homes.
WESTMINSTER ABBEY
One of the finest - examples of early gothic architecture. In Westminster Cathedral all the English monarchies have been crowned. Among the famous person buried here are. Queen Elizabeth I., Mary Stuart - the Queen of Scots, Isaac Newton, Darwin, Dickens.
THE CITY
It is the oldest part of LONDON. It is his historical center.
Environment
Environment
The environment means surroundings in which people, animals and plants develop and exist. The branch of biology investigating relation ships between living beings and their environment is called ecology. Science reflects the concern about the balance of nature. Ecologists and environmentalists are very well aware of the bad state of the environment and the necessity of its protection. The most serious ecological problems of today are the pollution of air, water and soil, disappearance of many species of animal and plants, the weather changes, acid rains, the warning up of the Earth surface, the destruction of tropical rain forests and the breaking of the ozone layer.
The growing number of cars on roads and highways contribute much to the air pollution. Factories produce large quantities of carbon dioxide, lead poisons, radioactive particles, dangerous compounds of sulphur and nitrogen which get into the air. Acid rains kill trees, than they get into the soil and make it infertile. The polluted rain water is carried to the rivers. Factories put their chemical waste.
Farmers use amounts of pesticides to kill certain insects than can be killed by other less dangerous means. They also use fertilizers, which pollute the soil, and most of them may have the worst effects on human health, too.
The buildings of dams causes flooding of large areas of natural and the disappearance of many typical, animals, bird and plants of the region. Amounts of industrial and city waste are placed near the lakes and rivers. They pollute the soil, water and air, and spoil the natural scenery.
If the destruction of the environment centimes the life on his planet will be endangered. People, animals and plants cannot exist without air, water and soil. Many environmental organizations have been founded, such as the Green Peace. The strongest movement for protection of the environment in many countries.
Environmentalists point to the most serious ecological problems and try to give their warnings through the mass media and public campaigns. Many of their activities have been successful and made the governments pass useful laws aimed the important of the environment. The use of DDT was banned by law, catalytic converters are compulsory in many countries, the use of phosphates in soaps is forbidden, most industrial countries have agreed to stop using ozone-destroying chemicals in aerosol sprays, smoking in public or work is restricted by law in many countries. All over the world there are acts concerning air, water and animals. The concern for the environment should be a part of the people’s lives.
The environment means surroundings in which people, animals and plants develop and exist. The branch of biology investigating relation ships between living beings and their environment is called ecology. Science reflects the concern about the balance of nature. Ecologists and environmentalists are very well aware of the bad state of the environment and the necessity of its protection. The most serious ecological problems of today are the pollution of air, water and soil, disappearance of many species of animal and plants, the weather changes, acid rains, the warning up of the Earth surface, the destruction of tropical rain forests and the breaking of the ozone layer.
The growing number of cars on roads and highways contribute much to the air pollution. Factories produce large quantities of carbon dioxide, lead poisons, radioactive particles, dangerous compounds of sulphur and nitrogen which get into the air. Acid rains kill trees, than they get into the soil and make it infertile. The polluted rain water is carried to the rivers. Factories put their chemical waste.
Farmers use amounts of pesticides to kill certain insects than can be killed by other less dangerous means. They also use fertilizers, which pollute the soil, and most of them may have the worst effects on human health, too.
The buildings of dams causes flooding of large areas of natural and the disappearance of many typical, animals, bird and plants of the region. Amounts of industrial and city waste are placed near the lakes and rivers. They pollute the soil, water and air, and spoil the natural scenery.
If the destruction of the environment centimes the life on his planet will be endangered. People, animals and plants cannot exist without air, water and soil. Many environmental organizations have been founded, such as the Green Peace. The strongest movement for protection of the environment in many countries.
Environmentalists point to the most serious ecological problems and try to give their warnings through the mass media and public campaigns. Many of their activities have been successful and made the governments pass useful laws aimed the important of the environment. The use of DDT was banned by law, catalytic converters are compulsory in many countries, the use of phosphates in soaps is forbidden, most industrial countries have agreed to stop using ozone-destroying chemicals in aerosol sprays, smoking in public or work is restricted by law in many countries. All over the world there are acts concerning air, water and animals. The concern for the environment should be a part of the people’s lives.
ENGLISH EASTER, HALLOWEEN
ENGLISH EASTER
- beginning in spring and the end to cold winter. What does “EASTER” come from? “Easter” comes from “Easter” - the name of the Goddess of Dawn. Dawn signifies the rebirth of the day, as well as the Easter marks the rebirth of the spring. Now the christians celebrate the death and resurrection of Christ. What are the symbols of this holiday? In the Pagan times the eggs were the symbols of fertility, rebirth. Since the 14th century the eggs have been forbidden during lent. They can be given to children on Easter Sunday (hard - boiled - colored). How are eggs decorated? In England, eggs were often dyed red to represent sun and fire. Later this color meant the blood of Christ. When chocolate was just beginning to become popular in the 19th century in France and Germany, the first chocolate eggs were made. Besides the chocolates eggs the British Hot Cross Buns - it is a kind of spicy tea-cake eaten hot with lots of butter.
HALLOWEEN
Halloween means “holy evening”, and takes place on 31st October.
It is much more important festival in the USA than in Britain, but is celebrated by many people in UK. It’s connected with ghosts and witches. At parties people dress up in strange costumes. They cut horrible faces in potatoes and other vegetables and put candle inside it.
- beginning in spring and the end to cold winter. What does “EASTER” come from? “Easter” comes from “Easter” - the name of the Goddess of Dawn. Dawn signifies the rebirth of the day, as well as the Easter marks the rebirth of the spring. Now the christians celebrate the death and resurrection of Christ. What are the symbols of this holiday? In the Pagan times the eggs were the symbols of fertility, rebirth. Since the 14th century the eggs have been forbidden during lent. They can be given to children on Easter Sunday (hard - boiled - colored). How are eggs decorated? In England, eggs were often dyed red to represent sun and fire. Later this color meant the blood of Christ. When chocolate was just beginning to become popular in the 19th century in France and Germany, the first chocolate eggs were made. Besides the chocolates eggs the British Hot Cross Buns - it is a kind of spicy tea-cake eaten hot with lots of butter.
HALLOWEEN
Halloween means “holy evening”, and takes place on 31st October.
It is much more important festival in the USA than in Britain, but is celebrated by many people in UK. It’s connected with ghosts and witches. At parties people dress up in strange costumes. They cut horrible faces in potatoes and other vegetables and put candle inside it.
COLLECTIONS LETTERS (Business Correspondence)
COLLECTIONS LETTERS (Business Correspondence)
calculation-kalkulácia
turnover (of the capital)-obrat, obeh peňazí
(is) slowed down-spomalený
profit-zisk
will be affected-bude ovplyvnený
(to) safeguard-poistiť
saferuard against-poistiť sa proti
to take measures-urobiť opatrenia
loss-strata (lose - stratiť)
(slow) account-účet (ktorý neprišiel včas)
book-keeper-účtovník;
turn into-zmeniť na
debt [det]-dlh
debtor-dlžník
(to) prevent (losses)-predísť (stratám)
should-mal by
should keep a careful watch on all accounts-mal by pozorne (starostlivo) sledovať na všetkých účtoch
send out statement-poslať výpis z účtu
please remit-prosím zaplaťte, uhraďte
customer-zákazník, obchodný partner
at the end of the month-na konci mesiaca
at the quarter-štvrťročne
payment-platba
if no get payment is received-nedostať (žiadnu) platbu
another copy is sent-posiela sa ďalšia kópia
fail
If the customer fails …-zlýhať, neuspieť
Collection letters are sent-
The style of efficient debt collection letter should reflect gradually increasing pressure
- Štýl účinných urgentných listov by mal odrážať postupne narastajúci tlak.
in spite of repeated requests-napriek opakovaným žiadostiam (požiadavkám)
within 3 days-do 3 dní
solicitor-firemný, podnikový právnik
by low-právnou cestou, súdnou cestou
calculation-kalkulácia
turnover (of the capital)-obrat, obeh peňazí
(is) slowed down-spomalený
profit-zisk
will be affected-bude ovplyvnený
(to) safeguard-poistiť
saferuard against-poistiť sa proti
to take measures-urobiť opatrenia
loss-strata (lose - stratiť)
(slow) account-účet (ktorý neprišiel včas)
book-keeper-účtovník;
turn into-zmeniť na
debt [det]-dlh
debtor-dlžník
(to) prevent (losses)-predísť (stratám)
should-mal by
should keep a careful watch on all accounts-mal by pozorne (starostlivo) sledovať na všetkých účtoch
send out statement-poslať výpis z účtu
please remit-prosím zaplaťte, uhraďte
customer-zákazník, obchodný partner
at the end of the month-na konci mesiaca
at the quarter-štvrťročne
payment-platba
if no get payment is received-nedostať (žiadnu) platbu
another copy is sent-posiela sa ďalšia kópia
fail
If the customer fails …-zlýhať, neuspieť
Collection letters are sent-
The style of efficient debt collection letter should reflect gradually increasing pressure
- Štýl účinných urgentných listov by mal odrážať postupne narastajúci tlak.
in spite of repeated requests-napriek opakovaným žiadostiam (požiadavkám)
within 3 days-do 3 dní
solicitor-firemný, podnikový právnik
by low-právnou cestou, súdnou cestou
EDUCATION - AN HISTORICAL OUTLINE
EDUCATION - AN HISTORICAL OUTLINE
1200s-Foundation of Oxford (1249) and Cambridge (1284) Universities.
1500 - 1700-Expansion of education provision by the Church and wealthy individuals. In England the state was slow to intervene in education - it was left to individuals and voluntary effort.
1800s-Growth of denomination schools.
1836-University of London founded since Cambridge.
1870-Education Act: school boards created, free education for children aged 5-10.
by 1900-Free education extended to children aged 13-14.
1944-Butler Act: created Ministry of Education, and free compulsory education for children to age 15. For the first time - universal secondary education.
1960s-Rapid expansion of universities.
1964-Introduction of Comprehensive school - to replace Grammar and Secondary modern school.
1969-Open University founded.
1986 - 1988-Conservative Education Reform Acts
- greater independence to individual school - National Curriculum - religious assemblies - testing of children at age 7 and 11 - change in status of colleges and polytechnics
1200s-Foundation of Oxford (1249) and Cambridge (1284) Universities.
1500 - 1700-Expansion of education provision by the Church and wealthy individuals. In England the state was slow to intervene in education - it was left to individuals and voluntary effort.
1800s-Growth of denomination schools.
1836-University of London founded since Cambridge.
1870-Education Act: school boards created, free education for children aged 5-10.
by 1900-Free education extended to children aged 13-14.
1944-Butler Act: created Ministry of Education, and free compulsory education for children to age 15. For the first time - universal secondary education.
1960s-Rapid expansion of universities.
1964-Introduction of Comprehensive school - to replace Grammar and Secondary modern school.
1969-Open University founded.
1986 - 1988-Conservative Education Reform Acts
- greater independence to individual school - National Curriculum - religious assemblies - testing of children at age 7 and 11 - change in status of colleges and polytechnics
CANADA
CANADA
Canada is the second largest country in the world. It occupies all of the continent north of the United States except for Alaska. Canada is bordered in the north by the Arctic Ocean and in the south by the United States. The highest peak in Canada is Mont Logan, near the Alaskan border. The chief rivers are St. Lawrence, the Ottawa, the Nelson, the Mackenzie, the Fraser, the Columbia and the Yukon.
More than 25 million people of different national live in Canada. Canada’s population is 48% of British origin, 31% of French origin, 1% Indian and Eskimo and other minorities. English and French are both official languages.
Some four-fifth of the population live within 200 miles of the U. S border. All the largest cities, e. g. Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, Winnipeg, Ottawa (the capital), and Quebec are situated near Canada’s southern border.
Canada is rich in raw materials including gold, silver, nickel, uranium, copper, zinc, coal, natural gas and oil. One-third of the country is covered with forest. Canada is the leading exporter of wood and wood products. Canada’s highly developed agriculture produces wheat, dairy products, fruit, fur, tobacco and vegetables. Fishing is also an important export industry. The standard of living is very high in Canada. The country is export-directed. The chief industries are food products, steel and iron, paper goods, transport equipment, metal products, industrial chemicals, petroleum refining etc.
Canada is the second largest country in the world. It occupies all of the continent north of the United States except for Alaska. Canada is bordered in the north by the Arctic Ocean and in the south by the United States. The highest peak in Canada is Mont Logan, near the Alaskan border. The chief rivers are St. Lawrence, the Ottawa, the Nelson, the Mackenzie, the Fraser, the Columbia and the Yukon.
More than 25 million people of different national live in Canada. Canada’s population is 48% of British origin, 31% of French origin, 1% Indian and Eskimo and other minorities. English and French are both official languages.
Some four-fifth of the population live within 200 miles of the U. S border. All the largest cities, e. g. Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, Winnipeg, Ottawa (the capital), and Quebec are situated near Canada’s southern border.
Canada is rich in raw materials including gold, silver, nickel, uranium, copper, zinc, coal, natural gas and oil. One-third of the country is covered with forest. Canada is the leading exporter of wood and wood products. Canada’s highly developed agriculture produces wheat, dairy products, fruit, fur, tobacco and vegetables. Fishing is also an important export industry. The standard of living is very high in Canada. The country is export-directed. The chief industries are food products, steel and iron, paper goods, transport equipment, metal products, industrial chemicals, petroleum refining etc.
Canada
Canada is an independent federation within the British Commonwealth. It is a country of colonial origins, first French and then British. Its system of government is thus mainly inherited from Great Britain.
The Prime Minister is the head of Government. Parliament is the supreme legislative body. It consists of the House of Commons and the Senate. The House of governor-general on the advice of the Prime Minister. English and French, the official languages of Canada, have equal status in both Houses of Parliament.
Canada is divided into ten provinces and two national territories.
Most Canadian children enter elementary school at age 6. At about 14 years of age most of them continue at four-or five year secondary schools. The University of Quebec, founded in 1852, is the oldest of Canadian universities.
THE NIAGARA FALLS
It’s a breathtaking naturally beauty. It lies about halfway on the river Niagara, which connects LAKE ERIE and ONTARIO. They are made up of the Americans Falls (belong to the USA) and the Horseshoe Falls (belong to the Canada). The water walls of the height 51 m. You can take a boat trip up to the waterfalls. They are one of the major tourist destinations.
TORONTO (Canada)
Toronto is a multicultural city with Greek quarter China Town. There is the highest building of Canada the Canadian National Tower. There is revolving restaurant.
The Prime Minister is the head of Government. Parliament is the supreme legislative body. It consists of the House of Commons and the Senate. The House of governor-general on the advice of the Prime Minister. English and French, the official languages of Canada, have equal status in both Houses of Parliament.
Canada is divided into ten provinces and two national territories.
Most Canadian children enter elementary school at age 6. At about 14 years of age most of them continue at four-or five year secondary schools. The University of Quebec, founded in 1852, is the oldest of Canadian universities.
THE NIAGARA FALLS
It’s a breathtaking naturally beauty. It lies about halfway on the river Niagara, which connects LAKE ERIE and ONTARIO. They are made up of the Americans Falls (belong to the USA) and the Horseshoe Falls (belong to the Canada). The water walls of the height 51 m. You can take a boat trip up to the waterfalls. They are one of the major tourist destinations.
TORONTO (Canada)
Toronto is a multicultural city with Greek quarter China Town. There is the highest building of Canada the Canadian National Tower. There is revolving restaurant.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
AGRICULTURE
Britain agriculture is highly mechanized. Britain’s farming is based on livestock breeding and poultry farming. Wheat barley, are the three commons cereals crops in Britain. Most important vegetables are tomatoes, cucumbers, celery. There are also a poultry farms and farms produce chicken. They produce a lot of eggs. FISHING - Britain is one of Europe’s most important fishing nations.
PARLIAMENT
The British Parliament is a very old institution. It consists of the King (the Queen), the House of Commons, the House of Lords. They share the same building the Palace of West minister. The Cabinet (the exclusive organ of government). In the Cabinet the most important office is than of the Prime Minister.
THE CONSTITUTION
The UK is a constitutional monarchy. This means that the official head of State is the monarch (i. e.: the Queen or the King). The UK constitution is not written in any single document. The Queen is only formal head of state. She is the symbolic head of the nation, head of the common wealth.
AGRICULTURE
Britain agriculture is highly mechanized. Britain’s farming is based on livestock breeding and poultry farming. Wheat barley, are the three commons cereals crops in Britain. Most important vegetables are tomatoes, cucumbers, celery. There are also a poultry farms and farms produce chicken. They produce a lot of eggs. FISHING - Britain is one of Europe’s most important fishing nations.
PARLIAMENT
The British Parliament is a very old institution. It consists of the King (the Queen), the House of Commons, the House of Lords. They share the same building the Palace of West minister. The Cabinet (the exclusive organ of government). In the Cabinet the most important office is than of the Prime Minister.
THE CONSTITUTION
The UK is a constitutional monarchy. This means that the official head of State is the monarch (i. e.: the Queen or the King). The UK constitution is not written in any single document. The Queen is only formal head of state. She is the symbolic head of the nation, head of the common wealth.
British meals
British meals.
The usual meals in most British household are breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner, or breakfast, dinner, tea and supper.
The traditional English cooked breakfast consisting:
porridge, cornflakes with milk and sugar, fried bacon and eggs, buttered toast and marmalade /jam made from citrus fruits/. Today less than 20% of the population eat a cooked breakfast. More usual is a cup of tea or coffee and a roll. There are special
Tea breaks: in factories and other work places.
The morning tea or coffee break is at about 11 o’clock. Lunch is a light meal or snack taken around moon. It often consists of a meat or fish dish with vegetables. Recently the British people have become aware of a balanced diet to cut down on sugar and fats. It is not uncommon at midday to eat simply a yogurt or mixed salad or tomatoes, carrot and green peppers.
Afternoon tea is a special English custom, but many people have stopped having tea in the afternoons. It is very dominion to eat with tea sandwiches, spread with meat of fish paste or filled with slice cucumber or tomatoes, and cakes and biscuits.
Dinner: the meal varies, but usually consist of a hot three-course meal: starter, meat or fish and vegetables and sweet. /fresh fruit salad, puddings boiled or baked, baked apples/. Cheese and biscuits maybe served followed by coffee or tea. Some people take wine this meal.
High Tea: is the main early evening meal of many working families. Often a cooked meal is served /beans on toast, fish and chips, Chinese take-away, spaghetti, or other types of pasta/ Some families prefer cold meat and a salad or tinned fish or sausages, with good strong tea plenty of bread and butter, to be followed by stewed fruit, or a tin of fruit with cream and perhaps a cake.
The usual meals in most British household are breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner, or breakfast, dinner, tea and supper.
The traditional English cooked breakfast consisting:
porridge, cornflakes with milk and sugar, fried bacon and eggs, buttered toast and marmalade /jam made from citrus fruits/. Today less than 20% of the population eat a cooked breakfast. More usual is a cup of tea or coffee and a roll. There are special
Tea breaks: in factories and other work places.
The morning tea or coffee break is at about 11 o’clock. Lunch is a light meal or snack taken around moon. It often consists of a meat or fish dish with vegetables. Recently the British people have become aware of a balanced diet to cut down on sugar and fats. It is not uncommon at midday to eat simply a yogurt or mixed salad or tomatoes, carrot and green peppers.
Afternoon tea is a special English custom, but many people have stopped having tea in the afternoons. It is very dominion to eat with tea sandwiches, spread with meat of fish paste or filled with slice cucumber or tomatoes, and cakes and biscuits.
Dinner: the meal varies, but usually consist of a hot three-course meal: starter, meat or fish and vegetables and sweet. /fresh fruit salad, puddings boiled or baked, baked apples/. Cheese and biscuits maybe served followed by coffee or tea. Some people take wine this meal.
High Tea: is the main early evening meal of many working families. Often a cooked meal is served /beans on toast, fish and chips, Chinese take-away, spaghetti, or other types of pasta/ Some families prefer cold meat and a salad or tinned fish or sausages, with good strong tea plenty of bread and butter, to be followed by stewed fruit, or a tin of fruit with cream and perhaps a cake.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
(Spojené Kráľovstvo Veľkej Británie a Severného Írska)
Capital city of the United Kingdom is London.
GEOGRAPHY
The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain (comprising England, Wales and Scotland) and Ireland (comprising the Irish Republic and Northern Ireland), and more than 5000 smaller islands. The British Isles are divided into two independent states:
1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
2. The Republic of Ireland (the Irish Republic).
Great Britain can be divided into two main regions: lowland Britain and highland Britain.
The Highlands of Scotland are the highest mountains in the British Isles. The highest peak is Ben Nevis (1343 m). Lowland Britain is mainly a rich plain.
RIVERS - British rivers are not very long but they are very deep. The largest rivers are: the Thames, the Severn and the Trent.
Lakes are to be found in the Lake Distriet in England and in the Highland’s of Scotland where they are called lochs. The largest lakes in Scotland are Loch Lomond and Loch Ness. Woodlands occupy only about 8 percent of the country. The most common trees are oak, beech, ash, pine and birch. Britain is very rich in coal. Britain has a temperature, humid climate. Its characteristic features are mild winters, not very hot summers, frequent changes of the weather. A period of as long as three weeks without rain is exceptional. There is occasionally mist and fog, particularly from October to January.
According to the 1981 census the total population of the United Kingdom was nearly 60 million.
(Spojené Kráľovstvo Veľkej Británie a Severného Írska)
Capital city of the United Kingdom is London.
GEOGRAPHY
The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain (comprising England, Wales and Scotland) and Ireland (comprising the Irish Republic and Northern Ireland), and more than 5000 smaller islands. The British Isles are divided into two independent states:
1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
2. The Republic of Ireland (the Irish Republic).
Great Britain can be divided into two main regions: lowland Britain and highland Britain.
The Highlands of Scotland are the highest mountains in the British Isles. The highest peak is Ben Nevis (1343 m). Lowland Britain is mainly a rich plain.
RIVERS - British rivers are not very long but they are very deep. The largest rivers are: the Thames, the Severn and the Trent.
Lakes are to be found in the Lake Distriet in England and in the Highland’s of Scotland where they are called lochs. The largest lakes in Scotland are Loch Lomond and Loch Ness. Woodlands occupy only about 8 percent of the country. The most common trees are oak, beech, ash, pine and birch. Britain is very rich in coal. Britain has a temperature, humid climate. Its characteristic features are mild winters, not very hot summers, frequent changes of the weather. A period of as long as three weeks without rain is exceptional. There is occasionally mist and fog, particularly from October to January.
According to the 1981 census the total population of the United Kingdom was nearly 60 million.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
NATIONAL ECONOMY
Britain was the first country in the world to become highly industrialized. Manufacturing industries include the following industry groups:
1. Food, drink and tobacco (bakery products, chocolate and sugar confectionery, fruit and vegetable products, meat and fish products, beer, spirits and soft drinks).
2. Chemicals and allied industries (pharmaceuticals, plastic materials etc.)
3. Metal engineering (i. e.: the iron and steel industry)
4. Mechanical industry (all types of machinery)
5. Instrumental engineering
6. Electrical and electronic engineering (radio, television)
7. Ship building and marine engineering
8. Vehicle and aircraft (cars, motorcycles)
9. Textile (wool, cotton)
10. Leather and fur
11. Clothing and Footwear
12. Glass and Pottery
13. Timber and Furniture
14. Paper, printing, publishing
15. Other industries (toys, games and sports equipment)
Britain was the first country in the world to become highly industrialized. Manufacturing industries include the following industry groups:
1. Food, drink and tobacco (bakery products, chocolate and sugar confectionery, fruit and vegetable products, meat and fish products, beer, spirits and soft drinks).
2. Chemicals and allied industries (pharmaceuticals, plastic materials etc.)
3. Metal engineering (i. e.: the iron and steel industry)
4. Mechanical industry (all types of machinery)
5. Instrumental engineering
6. Electrical and electronic engineering (radio, television)
7. Ship building and marine engineering
8. Vehicle and aircraft (cars, motorcycles)
9. Textile (wool, cotton)
10. Leather and fur
11. Clothing and Footwear
12. Glass and Pottery
13. Timber and Furniture
14. Paper, printing, publishing
15. Other industries (toys, games and sports equipment)
Bratislava
Bratislava’s golden age was during the reign of Maria Theresa from Another landmark of Bratislava is the Slovak National Theatre in Hviezdoslav square the heart of Slovak Opera and Ballet Art. Just near of the Opera is the Reduta, home to the Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra. It’s a boroque concert hall, now it houses a casino and restaurant.
Slavín is a monument to Russian soldiers killed in the World War II. There is an incredible view of the city. There are 200 grave stones laid in the lawn Almost 7 thousand Russians died. In the area of Kamzík-the needle-like television aerial. High about Bratislava is a recreational area with picnic tables barbecue pits, places to play. The tower itself has fantastic revolving restaurant.
Our Country - the Slovak Republic
The Slovak Republic is an independent state situated in the Central Europe. It is bordered in the WEST by the Czech Republic
in the NORTH by Poland
in the EAST by Ukraine
in the SOUTH by Hungary and Austria
The borders are made by the rivers Moravia, the Danube and mountains /the Carpatians, the High Tatras/ The river Danube connects our country with the Black Sea and through Rhine - Main canal with the NORTHERN SEA.
The climate:
Is mild but in the east is continental. The weather is changeable. The mountainous regions are colder and rainier than southern lowlands, which are warmer with lot of sunshine.
The most important river: the Danube, the Morava, the Váh, the Hron, and the Hornad. Several water dams have been built on them to serve the needs of energy power, water supply, agriculture and tourism and sports. Our country is rich in thermal springs and sports. Our country is rich in thermal rheumatism and other diseases.
Slovakia is largely a mountainous country. In the southern and south eastern parts there are fertile lowlands. But near Bratislava you can relax or go hiking to the Small Carpatians famous for its wineyards - producing vine.
The SHITE CARPATIANS crate a natural the border between Slovakia and the Czech Republic. There are several national parks and reservations with protected species of animals and plants. In the High Tatras, the Low Tatras, The Little Fatra, The Grant Tatra, The ætiavnice Hills, The Slovak Paradise, the Slovak Ore Mountains.
Slavín is a monument to Russian soldiers killed in the World War II. There is an incredible view of the city. There are 200 grave stones laid in the lawn Almost 7 thousand Russians died. In the area of Kamzík-the needle-like television aerial. High about Bratislava is a recreational area with picnic tables barbecue pits, places to play. The tower itself has fantastic revolving restaurant.
Our Country - the Slovak Republic
The Slovak Republic is an independent state situated in the Central Europe. It is bordered in the WEST by the Czech Republic
in the NORTH by Poland
in the EAST by Ukraine
in the SOUTH by Hungary and Austria
The borders are made by the rivers Moravia, the Danube and mountains /the Carpatians, the High Tatras/ The river Danube connects our country with the Black Sea and through Rhine - Main canal with the NORTHERN SEA.
The climate:
Is mild but in the east is continental. The weather is changeable. The mountainous regions are colder and rainier than southern lowlands, which are warmer with lot of sunshine.
The most important river: the Danube, the Morava, the Váh, the Hron, and the Hornad. Several water dams have been built on them to serve the needs of energy power, water supply, agriculture and tourism and sports. Our country is rich in thermal springs and sports. Our country is rich in thermal rheumatism and other diseases.
Slovakia is largely a mountainous country. In the southern and south eastern parts there are fertile lowlands. But near Bratislava you can relax or go hiking to the Small Carpatians famous for its wineyards - producing vine.
The SHITE CARPATIANS crate a natural the border between Slovakia and the Czech Republic. There are several national parks and reservations with protected species of animals and plants. In the High Tatras, the Low Tatras, The Little Fatra, The Grant Tatra, The ætiavnice Hills, The Slovak Paradise, the Slovak Ore Mountains.
Bratislava
The High Tatras:
Create a natural border between Slovakia and Poland High Tatras are of alpine character. The tourists can get to its peaks or skiing centers by a narrow-gauge electric railway. The highest peak of the High Tatras the Gerlach Peak is visible from far and wide /2655m/.The other peaks are the Lomnický štít Peak, Kriváň. There are 25 more peaks higher than 2500m. The touries can enjoy the mummery lakes, tarns in the valleys. The largest lake and the deepest of all is the Veľké Hencovo Pleso. The most frequently visited lake is ŠTRBSKÉ PLESO from where you can get a wonderful view of the mountain peaks and thank to fresh air and excellent climate there are resorts and spas providing treatment of some respiratory diseases is the paradise of winter sports and mountaineering in the summer. There are skiing centers with SKI-VMP platforms and long Ski - run tracks - in the slopes there are tracks for downhill runs. They are equipped with chair left or funiculars. You can stay at modern luxury hotels like Patria or Panorama. One of the oldest settlements of the HT is Starý Smokovec a famous mountain resort. By funicular you get to the peak Hrebienok which is a good tarring point for tours to the valleys. In the countries largest national park, the TANAP there are about 1500 protected species of animals. It’s possible to see the bear, the lyne, the wild cats, the others the eagles.
The Slovak ORE Mountains is another romantic and picturesque place visited by tourists. It’s popular by its beautiful landscaping, waterfalls, and rock windows. The forests are full of maple, beech and other trees. The fauna is rich species of butterflies, lizards, bear, and lynx. The village of ¬INGOV is the main holiday resort and the starting point of the marked tourist routes in the Slovak Paradise. The oldest ice cave in the Europe is situated here and is called Dobšinská ice cave.
Economy:
AGRICULTURE: The typical agricultural region is situated in the South-West and South-East of Slovakia called Žitný ostrov. A strip of a fertile land surrounded by the river Danube.
Since 1989 much of the land has been given back to the original owners who established their private farms. The fertile farmlands produce wheat, corn, and sugar beit, potatoes, sunflower, tobacco and hops. The rest are meadows and pastures for grazing sheep and cows in the central and Eastern parts of Slovakia. Forests woods have passed into private hands.
RAW MATERIALS: copper, iron, ore, lead, zinc, precious metals, limestone, dolomite, gravel, brown coal, natural gas.
Create a natural border between Slovakia and Poland High Tatras are of alpine character. The tourists can get to its peaks or skiing centers by a narrow-gauge electric railway. The highest peak of the High Tatras the Gerlach Peak is visible from far and wide /2655m/.The other peaks are the Lomnický štít Peak, Kriváň. There are 25 more peaks higher than 2500m. The touries can enjoy the mummery lakes, tarns in the valleys. The largest lake and the deepest of all is the Veľké Hencovo Pleso. The most frequently visited lake is ŠTRBSKÉ PLESO from where you can get a wonderful view of the mountain peaks and thank to fresh air and excellent climate there are resorts and spas providing treatment of some respiratory diseases is the paradise of winter sports and mountaineering in the summer. There are skiing centers with SKI-VMP platforms and long Ski - run tracks - in the slopes there are tracks for downhill runs. They are equipped with chair left or funiculars. You can stay at modern luxury hotels like Patria or Panorama. One of the oldest settlements of the HT is Starý Smokovec a famous mountain resort. By funicular you get to the peak Hrebienok which is a good tarring point for tours to the valleys. In the countries largest national park, the TANAP there are about 1500 protected species of animals. It’s possible to see the bear, the lyne, the wild cats, the others the eagles.
The Slovak ORE Mountains is another romantic and picturesque place visited by tourists. It’s popular by its beautiful landscaping, waterfalls, and rock windows. The forests are full of maple, beech and other trees. The fauna is rich species of butterflies, lizards, bear, and lynx. The village of ¬INGOV is the main holiday resort and the starting point of the marked tourist routes in the Slovak Paradise. The oldest ice cave in the Europe is situated here and is called Dobšinská ice cave.
Economy:
AGRICULTURE: The typical agricultural region is situated in the South-West and South-East of Slovakia called Žitný ostrov. A strip of a fertile land surrounded by the river Danube.
Since 1989 much of the land has been given back to the original owners who established their private farms. The fertile farmlands produce wheat, corn, and sugar beit, potatoes, sunflower, tobacco and hops. The rest are meadows and pastures for grazing sheep and cows in the central and Eastern parts of Slovakia. Forests woods have passed into private hands.
RAW MATERIALS: copper, iron, ore, lead, zinc, precious metals, limestone, dolomite, gravel, brown coal, natural gas.
Bratislava
Industry:
- coal mining, steel industry, wood and paper industry, glass, textile food industry, mills, breweries, sugar refineries.
- engineering, chemical, energetic industries. Near Košice enormous iron-works were built successful. They produce steel, iron.
Chemical industry is concentrated in Bratislava /oil refinery/. Istrochem and in Šaľa - /producing chemicals + fertilizers - "Duslo". In many of them the technology was old-fashioned. Newer industries with modern technologies have been introduced of the nuclear power station in Jaslovské Bohunice a newer one is being built near Mochovce.
Population:
The majority of the population ore of Slovak nationality 85,7%. There are also many other nationalities belonging to minorities. Hungarian are the numerous minority, the Ukraine, Russian minorities, Czech, German, Polish people form the smallest minority the Romania people /Gypsies/-dispersed. The biggest cities - Capital is Bratislava. The other cities are Košice, Banská Bystrica, Žilina, Nitra, Trnava, Martin. Attractions for the tourists are in Banská Štiavnica, Vlkolinec, Kremnica, Bardejov, Levoča /the largest woodern oltar in the world made by Master Paul in the early 16th century
- coal mining, steel industry, wood and paper industry, glass, textile food industry, mills, breweries, sugar refineries.
- engineering, chemical, energetic industries. Near Košice enormous iron-works were built successful. They produce steel, iron.
Chemical industry is concentrated in Bratislava /oil refinery/. Istrochem and in Šaľa - /producing chemicals + fertilizers - "Duslo". In many of them the technology was old-fashioned. Newer industries with modern technologies have been introduced of the nuclear power station in Jaslovské Bohunice a newer one is being built near Mochovce.
Population:
The majority of the population ore of Slovak nationality 85,7%. There are also many other nationalities belonging to minorities. Hungarian are the numerous minority, the Ukraine, Russian minorities, Czech, German, Polish people form the smallest minority the Romania people /Gypsies/-dispersed. The biggest cities - Capital is Bratislava. The other cities are Košice, Banská Bystrica, Žilina, Nitra, Trnava, Martin. Attractions for the tourists are in Banská Štiavnica, Vlkolinec, Kremnica, Bardejov, Levoča /the largest woodern oltar in the world made by Master Paul in the early 16th century
Australia
Australia
The commoneweath of Australia conist of six states and two territories:
STATES:
1. New South Wales /N.S.W./
2. Victoria /Vic/
3. South Australia /S.A./
4. Queensland /Qld./
5. Western Australia /W.A./
6. Tasmania /Tas./
TERRITORIES:
1. The Australia Capital Territory
2. The northern Territory
I. GEOGRAPHY:
Australia is an Island continend lying in the southern hemisp here between the Indean and Pacifik Oceans. It has an Area af almost 3.mil. squere miles, nearly as large as the continental U.S.A. Australia is mostly a plain with mountains in the last an south with form the Eastern Higlands stretching from Cape York to Tasmania.
RIVERS AND LAKES:
Most Australia rivers are small and dry-up when there is not enouhg rain. The largest river is the MURRAY.
CLIMATE:
There are great differences between individual regions, depending on the distance from the coast - anch. on the altitude. In the Australian Alps there is snow for about half the year. The south - east is coast has a pleasant type of climate with warm summers, mild winters and good rainfall all the year round. The tropical north has hot, wet summers and warm, dry winters. The tropical forests in the north an north - east. Are displace by savana and grasslands. The south and west coast has hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The interior has a continental type of climate with grat temperature rangers. One third of the continent is desert. The south - east is coverred with forests of eucaluptus and other evergreen frees.
There life a lot of animals in Australia. Some of them you cant find in any other country.
The commoneweath of Australia conist of six states and two territories:
STATES:
1. New South Wales /N.S.W./
2. Victoria /Vic/
3. South Australia /S.A./
4. Queensland /Qld./
5. Western Australia /W.A./
6. Tasmania /Tas./
TERRITORIES:
1. The Australia Capital Territory
2. The northern Territory
I. GEOGRAPHY:
Australia is an Island continend lying in the southern hemisp here between the Indean and Pacifik Oceans. It has an Area af almost 3.mil. squere miles, nearly as large as the continental U.S.A. Australia is mostly a plain with mountains in the last an south with form the Eastern Higlands stretching from Cape York to Tasmania.
RIVERS AND LAKES:
Most Australia rivers are small and dry-up when there is not enouhg rain. The largest river is the MURRAY.
CLIMATE:
There are great differences between individual regions, depending on the distance from the coast - anch. on the altitude. In the Australian Alps there is snow for about half the year. The south - east is coast has a pleasant type of climate with warm summers, mild winters and good rainfall all the year round. The tropical north has hot, wet summers and warm, dry winters. The tropical forests in the north an north - east. Are displace by savana and grasslands. The south and west coast has hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The interior has a continental type of climate with grat temperature rangers. One third of the continent is desert. The south - east is coverred with forests of eucaluptus and other evergreen frees.
There life a lot of animals in Australia. Some of them you cant find in any other country.
Australia
POPULATION:
The population of Australia was 16 milion. Nearly all are of British origin, there are only 40 000 aborigines called MAORIES. They live in the deserts and savana. Half of the Australia population live in or near the coast and most of them live in the south - west of the continent. The grasslands and the deserts are practiccaly uninhabited.
TOWNS OF CITIES:
There are only five big cities in Australian continent:
Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth, Brisbane. The capital of Australia is Cambera.
II.INDUSTY AND AGRICULTURE:
The principal mineral resoures are: IRON, ORE, COAL, BAUXITE-ALUMINA, LEAD, ZINC, NICKEL, ARAMINIUM, CRUDE, OIL, NATURAL GAS, GOLD, SILVER.
The main source of timbe is the eucapyptus free.
THE MAIN INDUSTRIES ARE: a. Mining
b. The food industry
c. Textili industy
d. Engineering, motorvehicles, chemical, aircrafte and armaments.
AGRICULTURE: is divided into the following branches:
1. Sheep raising
2. Cattle - raising
3. Grop production : Wheat, barley, oats, maize, sugar, fruit, vegetables
III.THE SYSTEM OF GOVERNMEMT:
The Commonweath of Australia is a federation of six states. There is a Federal Government for the whole of Australia, and each states has its own Government and Constitution. The Federal Parlaiment consists of two houses:
1. The Senate
2. The Houses of Representatives
The executive power is formaly vested in the Governor General, who represents the Crown. But actual head of the executive is the Australian Prime Minister. The official language is an Australian English.
The population of Australia was 16 milion. Nearly all are of British origin, there are only 40 000 aborigines called MAORIES. They live in the deserts and savana. Half of the Australia population live in or near the coast and most of them live in the south - west of the continent. The grasslands and the deserts are practiccaly uninhabited.
TOWNS OF CITIES:
There are only five big cities in Australian continent:
Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth, Brisbane. The capital of Australia is Cambera.
II.INDUSTY AND AGRICULTURE:
The principal mineral resoures are: IRON, ORE, COAL, BAUXITE-ALUMINA, LEAD, ZINC, NICKEL, ARAMINIUM, CRUDE, OIL, NATURAL GAS, GOLD, SILVER.
The main source of timbe is the eucapyptus free.
THE MAIN INDUSTRIES ARE: a. Mining
b. The food industry
c. Textili industy
d. Engineering, motorvehicles, chemical, aircrafte and armaments.
AGRICULTURE: is divided into the following branches:
1. Sheep raising
2. Cattle - raising
3. Grop production : Wheat, barley, oats, maize, sugar, fruit, vegetables
III.THE SYSTEM OF GOVERNMEMT:
The Commonweath of Australia is a federation of six states. There is a Federal Government for the whole of Australia, and each states has its own Government and Constitution. The Federal Parlaiment consists of two houses:
1. The Senate
2. The Houses of Representatives
The executive power is formaly vested in the Governor General, who represents the Crown. But actual head of the executive is the Australian Prime Minister. The official language is an Australian English.
Bratislava
Bratislava
Is the capital of Slovakia. It’s also called as the Beauty upon the river Danube. It is situated at the foot of Small Carpatians and the confluence of two rivers /of Danube and Morava/. Originally it was century Bratislava became an important town of the Great Moravia Empire. West of Old Town towers the monumental Castle of Bratislava. In the 15th century the first Slovak university, Academia Istropolitana was established. For some years Bratislava became the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and the coronation town. The Hungarian kings and queens were coronated in the Gothic Minster of St. Martin.
In the building of the University Library in the Michal Street the Hungarian assembly used to hold it meetings. The visitors of Bratislava can learn about its history in museums the Slovak National Museum. Town Museum in the Main Square inside the Old Town Hall. In the Castle of Bratislava itself there are the greatest treasures of the ancient history.
The largest palace of the town is called Primacialny Palace, built in classicist-baroque-style. There is a picture gallery presenting exposition of European paintings. There is a unique collection of 6 tapestries inspired by the ancient Greek mythology. They were found hidden behind the wallpaper during the reconstruction in the 20 cent. The Mirror Hall is one of the most beautiful rooms of the Primacialny Palace in which the PRESSBURG PEACE TREATY was signed in 1805.
Count Mirbach donated to the town his palace built in rococo style. It was turned into a picture gallery displaying permanent modern Slovak art and other exhibitions of European paintings and sculptures of the 19th cent.
Another picture gallery seats in the Palace /classicist style/ beautiful rococo staircase+ceilings.
The Slovak National Gallery is situated close to the river Danube.
In the front park of the SNG the visitors can admire modern sculptures Inside the galleries there is the exhibition of the Slovak art from the 12th century up the present days. In Aponyni Palace there is an exposition of winemaking, the folkcostumes, the historical wine-bars.
Another museum of historical clocks stands opposite the Museum of historical crafts.
A historical pharmacy museum "U červeného Raka" near the Michael Tower.
The most famous street of Bratislava is the Michael Street, which begins at Michaels Gate and Michaels Tower. It dates back to the 14th cent. From the gallery the visitors get a view of the Old Town. The Grasslkovick Palace is the seat of the President. Comenium University, the Slovak National theatre.
Is the capital of Slovakia. It’s also called as the Beauty upon the river Danube. It is situated at the foot of Small Carpatians and the confluence of two rivers /of Danube and Morava/. Originally it was century Bratislava became an important town of the Great Moravia Empire. West of Old Town towers the monumental Castle of Bratislava. In the 15th century the first Slovak university, Academia Istropolitana was established. For some years Bratislava became the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and the coronation town. The Hungarian kings and queens were coronated in the Gothic Minster of St. Martin.
In the building of the University Library in the Michal Street the Hungarian assembly used to hold it meetings. The visitors of Bratislava can learn about its history in museums the Slovak National Museum. Town Museum in the Main Square inside the Old Town Hall. In the Castle of Bratislava itself there are the greatest treasures of the ancient history.
The largest palace of the town is called Primacialny Palace, built in classicist-baroque-style. There is a picture gallery presenting exposition of European paintings. There is a unique collection of 6 tapestries inspired by the ancient Greek mythology. They were found hidden behind the wallpaper during the reconstruction in the 20 cent. The Mirror Hall is one of the most beautiful rooms of the Primacialny Palace in which the PRESSBURG PEACE TREATY was signed in 1805.
Count Mirbach donated to the town his palace built in rococo style. It was turned into a picture gallery displaying permanent modern Slovak art and other exhibitions of European paintings and sculptures of the 19th cent.
Another picture gallery seats in the Palace /classicist style/ beautiful rococo staircase+ceilings.
The Slovak National Gallery is situated close to the river Danube.
In the front park of the SNG the visitors can admire modern sculptures Inside the galleries there is the exhibition of the Slovak art from the 12th century up the present days. In Aponyni Palace there is an exposition of winemaking, the folkcostumes, the historical wine-bars.
Another museum of historical clocks stands opposite the Museum of historical crafts.
A historical pharmacy museum "U červeného Raka" near the Michael Tower.
The most famous street of Bratislava is the Michael Street, which begins at Michaels Gate and Michaels Tower. It dates back to the 14th cent. From the gallery the visitors get a view of the Old Town. The Grasslkovick Palace is the seat of the President. Comenium University, the Slovak National theatre.
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